《全球网络赌博平台》
The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) seeks to address the violence women face on campus: highest rates of stalking, 发生非致命亲密伴侣暴力的风险最高, 20-25%的女学生经历过强奸或强奸未遂.
On October 20, 2014, 美国教育部公布了VAWA的最终规定. 该条例扩大了校园性侵幸存者的权利, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking. 本修订法例订定下列定义及术语:
- Sexual Assault: 符合强奸定义的罪行, fondling, incest, 或联邦调查局UCR全球网络赌博平台中使用的法定强奸.
- Sex Offenses: 任何针对他人的性行为, 没有得到受害者的同意, 包括受害者没有能力给予同意的情况.
- Rape- The penetration, no matter how slight, 阴道或肛门与任何身体部位或物体的接触, 或者被另一个人的性器官口交, 没有得到受害者的同意.
- Fondling – The touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, 没有得到受害者的同意, 包括受害者没有能力给予同意的情况 because of his/her age or because of his/her temporary or permanent mental incapacity.
- Incest – Sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
- Statutory Rape – Sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent.
- Domestic Violence: 暴力犯罪所犯的重罪或轻罪
- 受害者的现任或前任配偶或亲密伴侣;
- 与受害人有共同子女的人;
- 由与之同居的人, or has cohabitated with, 作为配偶或亲密伴侣的受害者;
- By a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred;
- By any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred.
- Dating Violence: Violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim.
- The existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on the reporting party’s statement and with consideration of the length of the relationship, the type of relationship, 以及关系中双方互动的频率.
- 就本定义而言, dating violence includes, but is not limited to, 性虐待或身体虐待或这种虐待的威胁.
- Dating violence does not include acts covered under the definition of domestic violence.
- Any incident meeting this definition is considered a crime for the purposes of Clery Act reporting.
- Stalking: Engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to
- Fear for the person’s safety or the safety of others; or
- 遭受严重的情绪困扰.
就本定义而言:
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- 行为过程是指两个或两个以上的行为, including, but not limited to, 行为中跟踪者直接, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device, or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, 或与人交流或关于人交流, 或干涉他人的财产.
- Reasonable person means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.
- Substantial emotional distress means significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily, 需要医疗或其他专业治疗或咨询.
- Any incident meeting this definition is considered a crime for the purposes of Clery Act reporting.
- 防止约会暴力、家庭暴力、性侵犯和跟踪的全球网络赌博平台; Comprehensive, intentional, and integrated programming, initiatives, strategies, 以及旨在结束约会暴力的活动, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking that:
- Are culturally relevant, 包容不同的社区和身份, sustainable, responsive to community needs, 并通过研究获得信息或评估价值, effectiveness, or outcome; and
- 考虑环境风险和保护因素，因为它们发生在个人身上, relationship, institutional, community, and societal levels
- 防止约会暴力的全球网络赌博平台, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking include both primary prevention and awareness programs directed at incoming students and new employees and ongoing prevention and awareness campaigns directed at students and employees.
- Awareness programs: 社区范围或特定受众的节目, initiatives, and strategies that increase audience knowledge and share information and resources to prevent violence, promote safety, and reduce perpetration
- Bystander intervention: Safe and positive options that may be carried out by an individual or individuals to prevent harm or intervene when there is a risk of dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking
旁观者干预包括:
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- 认识到潜在危害的情况
Understanding institutional structures and cultural conditions that facilitate violence, 克服干预障碍, 确定安全有效的干预方案, 并采取行动进行干预
- 正在进行的预防和提高认识运动: Programming, initiatives, and strategies that are sustained over time and focus on increasing understanding of topics relevant to and skills for addressing dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking, 对整个机构的受众使用一系列策略
初级预防规划:规划, initiatives, 以及通过研究或价值评估得出的策略, effectiveness, 或者旨在阻止约会暴力的结果, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking before they occur through the promotion of positive and healthy behaviors that foster healthy, 相互尊重的关系和性, 鼓励安全的旁观者干预, 努力改变行为和社会规范，使其朝着健康和安全的方向发展.
- Risk reduction: 旨在减少犯罪和旁观者不作为的选择, and to increase empowerment for victims in order to promote safety and to help individuals and communities address conditions that facilitate violence.
- 公正，公正的程序:迅速、公平和公正的程序: A proceeding that is completed within reasonably prompt timeframes designated by an institution’s policy, including a process that allows for the extension of timeframes for good cause and with written notice to the accuser and the accused of the delay and the reason for the delay;
- Conducted in a manner that:
- Is consistent with the institution’s policies and transparent to the accuser and accused;
- Includes timely notice of meetings at which the accuser or accused, or both, may be present; and
- 提供及时和平等的接触原告的机会, the accused, and appropriate officials to any information that will be used during informal and formal disciplinary meetings and hearings; and
- Conducted by officials who do not have a conflict of interest or bias for or against the accuser or the accused
- Advisor: 向原告或被告提供支持、指导或建议的任何个人
- Proceeding: All activities related to a non-criminal resolution of an institutional disciplinary complaint, including, but not limited to, fact finding investigations, formal or informal meetings, and hearings. Proceeding does not include communications and meetings between officials and victims concerning accommodations or protective measures to be provided to a victim.
- Result: Any initial, interim, and final decision by any official or entity authorized to resolve disciplinary matters within the institution The result must include any sanctions imposed by the institution.